Overpopulation affects the environment Research Paper - 1

Overpopulation affects the environment - Research Paper Example he population has effected the environment through two agents: the increasing population itself, and the advances in technology that this population has brought with itself (Stancheva). However, currently both the problems have little hope of being tackled, so that the environment continues to be adversely effected. For this purpose, and in this paper, it is assumed that the problem of overpopulation is a fixed entity, and the only variable that can be modified is the way the environment is handled through lifestyle and habits of the general population. This paper, therefore, purports to present some of the problems that are inflicted on the environment, and the way they can be properly handled by appropriate changes in the lifestyle. The most dire issue related to overpopulation is that of fresh water supply (Stancheva). According to the United Nations, the supply per capita has decreased by one third in the past year (Stancheva). It is the worst in the developing and the underdeveloped countries of Asia, Africa, and South America, coinciding with the increase in the population in these areas (Stancheva). Nevertheless, the developed countries and the urban areas are also not prevented from this crisis (Stancheva); with the increase in population in the urban areas due to migration, the demand for fresh water has increased while the supplies either remain constant or have decreased. A case in point is Beijing (Stancheva). Another problem related to water is its pollution. Again, it is worst in the underdeveloped countries, where 95% of the sewage, especially from factories, is dumped into the water system untreated, which ultimately makes its way into the ocean (Stancheva). Combined with over-fishing, which results in the

Art Curation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Art Curation - Research Paper Example With the accommodation of terms such as performative, or self-reflexive, it is clear that curating is no longer only about exhibitions. This form of discourse proves that curating is slowly turning into a visible, self-critical and transparent process. The rising transformation and visibility of the exhibition since the 20th century has encouraged students to develop a motivation for engaging with the history of curation. On one hand, the transformation narrows down to the foundation of new institutions that accommodate for the exhibition of contemporary art, increasing temporalisation of museums as well as expanding the art market with countless art fairs and gallery shows(Vogel, 2013)1. Besides the need to renovate museums and enlarge their temporary exhibition spaces for marketing and other economic-related reasons, an artistic engagement with the museum’s collection has become a critical requirement for everymuseum. Regardless of the fact that these strategies are based on permanent collections, the presentation approaches have replaced the atemporal collection displaythat is viewed as rigid and authoritative(Altshuler, 2012)2. On the other hand, the art exhibition is changing to an extent that it encourages us to appreciate a range of typologies that overshadow the conventional formats of solo, group or thematic shows. The discourse in art curation considers the growth of new artistic practices that include institutional critique or conceptual art(Bourriaud, 2002)3.

US policy towards Latin America after the cold war Essay

US policy towards Latin America after the cold war - Essay Example In 1947 the Truman Doctrine forever changed America's foreign policy from an isolationist one to a more active policy of involvement with other countries in order to curb what they perceived as a Communist threat to the world and hence their own democratic stability.The United States fear of communist dominance has a direct bearing on the policy they adopted towards Latin American countries. The Truman policy was directly responsible for establishing the Cold War, and then the focus of the policy was the prevention of the rise of Communism. This has especial relevance in the context of its policy towards Latin America. During the Cold War years, the United States adopted a very aggressive interference in Latin American affairs in its attempt to weed out communism. In the Post Cold War years though, the policy while still against the influence of Communism, has softened considerably and has shifted focus to stabilizing countries democratically and economically - a result of understand ing that the spread of Communism arises from poverty and exploitation.The thrust of American policy concerning Latin America can broadly be divided into four areas: democratic stabilization, free trade and the economic opportunities it offers, the immigration problem and the war on drugs.Democratic stabilization is a key focus in America's policy. Originating from the desire to stop the spread of Communism, the U.S.A has, since the Cold war, focused on helping to stabilize democracies, which they feel are better alternatives and which do not threaten the U.S.' own security. A notable example is their support of the Mesa government in Bolivia and Enrique Bolanos' presidency in Nicaragua (Roger Noriega). However, despite the fact that their support for democracy is well intentioned, the failure of the Mesa administration in Bolivia (culminating in his resignation in 2005) highlights the fact that while democracy is a good thing, the U.S. needs to focus also on the effectiveness of the governments they choose to support, and the government's ability to handle the political and economic situation of the country. The U.S. has always publicly stated their support for democratic protestors in Cuba as well, and promised support in the event of a democratic revolution. This sort of heavy handed "Big Brothering" has also caused much resentment as the people of that country feel that the U.S is really disguising its dictatorship in the form of aid. Venezuela's Chavez has vehemently refused to accept any of U.S aid with the inevitable strings attached to it. Stemming from their support of democracy also came the realization that democracies, no matter how well intentioned, could not effectively stabilize a country unless it was economically stable as well. The majority of Latin American countries are impoverished and this is a vital cause of political instability and also revolution. Thus the second focus of policy on increasing Free trade. Free trade would open up economic opportunities and make available goods and services to economically challenged regions without the stifling taxes and tariffs imposed. LatinAmerica has been important to the U.S. in this regard as it is a major importer of American goods and services. Many raw materials are also sourced from the Latin countries. (http://www.wesfryer.com/uslapolicy.html). However protectionism has been a problem with many Latin countries, as well as with America. The grumbles on outsourcing by U.S. politicians have severely affected free trade agreements with Latin countries, and in t he case of Mexico stalled the NAFTA act for a while. However the passing of NAFTA, finally meant the lowering of tariffs on many aspects -vehicles, textiles, computers etc. Investment restrictions also eased. By advocating free trade the economic restrictions lessen and the opportunities for growth open up. There is scope for employment and a better standard of life. The U.S. focus on this aspect has therefore also helped them to address another

Enron Corporation Essay Example for Free

Enron Corporation Essay I  Ã‚   The Beginning When Enron Corporation declared a Chapter 11 bankruptcy in December 2001, it left the public especially its investors and stockholders reeling from such financial scandal and collapse.   Enron had allegedly overstated its profits by $586 million since 1997 in order to protect the firm’s balance sheet and practiced insider trading as well fraud and conspiracy. Enron had been the seventh largest company in the United States and had been one of the largest financial contributors to the Presidential elections, especially the Bush family. To the outside world, Enron portrayed a picture of success.   However, upon closure inspection on the inside, Enron was on the brink of collapse. When Enron’s stock price hit its highest at $90, the executives who allegedly knew of the offshore accounts of Enron started selling their respective shares and to encouraged the public to continue buying the said stocks.   However, the executives knew that the stock prices would not increase anymore but still reassured the public and its investors that the prices of stock would reach a high $130-140 per share. By August 2001, Enron’s stock prices had dropped from $90 to a measly $42. It became evident that the company had fraudulently induced and fooled the public, investors and stockholders to buying the company’s stocks and shares. Amidst all these, Enron founder and former chairman Kenneth Lay continued to reassure the public to remain calm, and asked the investors to buy the company’s shares as the company will regain its profits in the succeeding months. Nonetheless, in October of 2001, the stocks plunged to $15 but the investors saw this as an opportunity to buy Enron stocks at such low prices. But the truth about the company’s financial standing became public and the stock price finally hit rock bottom at $1 per share. II   Basis of the Charges Stockholders and investors gathered and instituted a class-action suit against Enron and its officers in order to recover the millions of investment they made on Enron as result of the false representation and fraud by the company. Enron top executives specifically its Chief Executive Officers, Kenneth Lay and Jeffrey Skilling were charged and convicted with the collapse of the energy giant. Kenneth Lay faced seven counts of fraud and conspiracy while Skilling faced 31 counts of fraud, conspiracy, insider trading and lying to auditors about Enron’s financial position. In 1987, Enron auditors found out a billion-dollar oil trading scandal in its New York offices.   Traders had been engaged in this kind of practice – falsifying transactions in order to boost their volume and profit thereby fattening their bonuses as well. Although CEO Kenneth Lay knew of this, he did not fire the traders nor contacted the authorities in order to cover up their problems. But this incident did not deter the traders and six months later, competitors began to grow suspicious because if word got out, Enron’s trading partners could have demanded that the company cover its positions with cash, which the company did not have (Fowler).   Thus, the traders were fired and charged but not until they were able to transfer million of dollars into their personal accounts.   Enron for its part was able to get away by bluffing the market and reported $85 million in loss but sources claim that the loss totalled to at least $135 million. CEO Jeffrey Skilling, who joined Enron in 1990, did not care much about the expenses incurred by the company as long as the margins looked good.   He was also more concerned with the revenues increases and widening profit margins instead of the cash flows which was practiced by his predecessor. So enamoured were the top executives in increasing business profit that when a deal failed or fell apart, more effort was placed into hiding the consequences instead of rectifying and owning up to the problem.   After taking over as chief operating officer, he renewed the almost non-existent post of chief financial officer and delegated many of the management responsibilities. In theory, Enron had mechanisms that would assess risk and accurately report financial numbers. These mechanisms required that deals should be strictly analyzed which included review by the legal department of the originating unit, the corporate legal department, chief risk officer and chief accounting officer.   However, due to the insidious practice of the company, auditors and accountants were bullied to over ride the system and departments were able to determine the total value of their proposals by manipulating the long-term price of whatever product was sold or bought.   The company also used a â€Å"mark-to-market† accounting system pushed by Skilling which allows a company to report as current revenue the total value of a deal over its projected lifetime (Fowler). This system made earning appear good which in turn pumped up the stock prices and increased the value of stocks which executives received as bonuses. III Trial As the stunned investors witnessed Enron’s stock prices plunged, the government began a massive crackdown on the executives who were responsible for the collapse of the company, and would end up in the conclusion of convincing and proving to the jury that Lay and Skilling, the two top executives of the company, where guilty of massive fraud and were thus guilty. Government prosecutors were at first overwhelmed with the girth of the corporate fraud.   Nevertheless, they began to take measures to respond to these kinds of crimes and a barrage of criminal and civil investigations and prosecutions began to surface.   Thus, in 2002, the Presidential Corporate Fraud Task Force filed criminal charges against more than 900 defendants, of which 60 are chief executive or president level and successfully prosecuted or convicted 500 of them. The case against Lay and Skilling were heard by US District Judge Sim Lake and lasted nearly four months while the jury deliberated for six days.   The defense counsel initially attempted to persuade the judge to move the trial away from Houston, Enron’s hometown as they were afraid that the jury might be influenced by anger due to the resulting loss of jobs and money and would see them as a way of revenge. Kenneth Lay faced seven counts of fraud and conspiracy fraud and conspiracy while Skilling on the other hand, faced 31 counts of fraud, conspiracy, insider trading and lying to auditors about Enron’s financial position.   Although both asserted their innocence of the charges against them, they were convicted for a total of 29 criminal counts as well as conspiracy to hide the failing health of the company by selling boosterich optimism to Wall Street and the public (MSNBC). Lay, who was convicted to 6 counts of conspiracy, securities and wire fraud in the corporate trial and 4 counts on separate personal banking trial, surrendered his passport and posted a $5 million bond secured by the family.   His sentence also carried a maximum penalty of 45 years in prison for the corporate trial while 120 years in personal trial respectively.   Ã‚  Skilling on the other hand, was convicted by 19 counts out of the 28 charged as well as one count of insider trading while being acquitted with the remaining charges. The charges against   these Enron top executives prospered as other executives turned the table and plead guilty in their respective charges in order to receive lower sentences than that prescribed.   Among the former employees who testified against Lay and Skilling was Ben Glisan who is now serving a 5-year prison sentence after pleading guilty to a charge of conspiracy.   According to Glisan, both Lay and Skilling knew that the company was in deep financial trouble but tried to hide it instead. Ultimately, the jury rejected Skilling’s defense that no fraud happened at Enron save for those committed by a number of executives skimming millions in secret side deals, while bad publicity and poor market confidence resulted in the collapse of the energy giant. III. Effects of the Enron Collapse As the jurors found that these once-wealthy and powerful executives repeatedly lied to cover up the real position of the company by covering up accounting and auditing failures which eventually led to its collapse in 2001, the left a devastating effect in the business world as well as the lives of the investors and shareholders.   The demise of Enron wiped out more than $60 billion in market value, almost $2.1 billion in retirement savings and costs more than 5,600 to lose their jobs. The anger of the public over the recent corporate scandals led to the passing of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, which was designed to make company executives more accountable. Although public distrust for white-collar trial could not actually reverse the damage done to investor confidence, the Lay and Skilling trial however has become a start of a healing process for public-investor relations to be righted again. IV Timothy Belden Apart from the other key witnesses who were former Enron employees and who testified against the top two Enron officials, Timothy Belden particularly made the charges against Lay and Skilling stick, ending in their conviction.   Belden who was the first person to be charged in the manipulation of Western Energy markets, initially engaged in lengthy dance with federal officials over his plea and eventual cooperation in testifying against Lay and Skilling.   He pleaded guilty in 2002 to conspiracy and admitted that he gave false information to California’s electrical grid operators.   Belden is also said to be the â€Å"mastermind behind the strategies described† in memos that spelled out how Enron manipulated the California market (Schreiber). Beginning in the mid-nineties, California was among the first states to deregulate electricity.   The deregulation occurred just as when companies were leaving the state in numbers thereby creating a recession. The deregulation was supposed to reduce the ten percent of the tax payers’ bill while breaking the old methods of greedy companies.   As California deregulated the wholesale side of its energy markets, it also kept price caps in the retail side. It coincided with the State’s decision to bar utilities from signing long-term cheap fixed prices which forced them to into an unpredictable market.   Thus, the utilities were made to pay exorbitant prices but were not able to pass on to their consumers the prices they incurred.   Enron promised to deliver power more efficiently and build new plants that can run on cheaper fuels. Commencing in 1998 until 2001, Belden as well as other executives from Enron devised a fraudulent scheme in order to obtain increased revenue for Enron from wholesale electricity consumers and other market participants in the State of California. The schemes perpetrated by Belden and the other Enron executives required them to submit false information to the companies supplied by Enron and misrepresented the nature of electricity which the company was supposed to supply. Despite being paid to relieve congestion, the company however, did not do so and instead imported as well as exported electricity in order to receive higher prices from the companies they supply. Of particular interest in the course of the trial is a transcript of conversation between Belden and one of the operators of the power plant wherein the two discussed shutting down one of Reliant’s power plants in California to create a shortage in order for the prices to skyrocket. As the scheme worked, causing the power prices to arrive at high and unjust levels in California, it thereby became illegal under the Federal Energy Policy Act. In his testimony, he called California’s post-deregulation power market dysfunctional and said his company bought cheap electricity in the Northwest to sell in California at a profit (Baker). This practice created the appearance among consumers that there was shortage of electricity, thereby having the need to jack up the prices. Enron was able to pocket off almost $1 billion in a period of nine months in 2000 and 2001. Belden admitted however, that he only met with Lay and Skilling once during a colleague’s party.   But nevertheless, Belden’s testimony proved to be a very crucial one as it confirmed and proved that Lay and Skilling knew of what was happening in California but turned to hide it instead. As company vice-president and head of Enron’s West Coast trading operation, Belden supervised a staff of 120 that went from $50 million in earnings in 1999 to $800 million in 2001, while Californias power markets disintegrated into panic and sky-high prices. When one of Enron’s lawyers started investigating these â€Å"irregularities† as a response to the investigation conducted by the California Public Utility Commission. The lawyers found out of Enron’s tactic of using advantage of the energy crisis and revealed through a memo that Enron created false congestion lines, transferred energy in and out of state to avoid price caps and charged for services the company never actually provided (Swartz).   And yet, inspite of the information the lawyer gave to the top executives, and traders have been told to return the money made on improper trading, the executives at Enron still decided against it despite knowing that the practice was illegal.   For Belden and the other traders, sending the money back would mean that the other companies will know what Enron was doing.   Nevertheless, Belden and Enron continued on with the practice.   Skilling, on the other hand, fully knew well of the said practice by the company in 2001 as he was already tipped by one of the executives who learned of the previous investigation. During examination, Belden admitted to US District Judge Martin Jenkins that he did it because he was trying to maximize profit for Enron. Belden claimed that he was only following Enron’s instructions as he handled his trades (CBS News).   According to Belden’s counsel, Enron knew fully well of Belden’s action but was never disciplined nor sanctioned at all. In fact, Belden may have reaped bonus for such practice as revenues from his trading unit climbed from $50 million in 1999 to $500 million in 2000 to $800 million in 2001.     When he was charged with conspiracy, Belden after a long time of dealing and negotiating with the federal government, decided to turn against Kenneth Lay and Jeffrey Skilling, claiming that the two top executives knew of the practice he and other traders did as indicated by the internal company memos which described how Enron took power out of California at a time of rolling blackouts and shortages and how it sold out of state to elude price caps (CBS News).

Articles Of Confederation Essay -- essays research papers

Articles of Confederation Analyze the degree to which the Articles provided an effective form of government with respect to any two of the following: Foreign Relations, Economic Conditions, or Western Lands In 1777, the states enacted the Articles of Confederation to preserve democracy and prevent tyranny from those who sought to centralize power. But in their efforts to keep their independence, the states created a weak central government that was unable to improve an insolvent economy and poor foreign relations. Although the confederation gained some substantial powers, the crucial powers to tax and regulate commerce remained with the individual states. Each state passed their own currency, and therefore created inflation and made â€Å"Continentals† in circulation worthless. Compounded with restrictions on trade to Great Britain and down the Mississippi River, the states became mired in a heavy depression. John Fiske, of the conservative view, realized the precarious situation when he stated â€Å"the Nation was under the verge of collapse and near-anarchy and that the five year period after 1783 was the most critical time in American History.† Robert Morris, secretary of finance, resorted to desperate measures with the Newburgh conspiracy in an attempt to raise funds for a depleted military; but it took an impassioned plea from General Washington himself to put down the rebellion. Furthermore, the Articles allowed for personal rights abuses such as unsubstantiated foreclosure s...

Partner dance Essay

Anchor 1: Good morning XIS family, the galaxy of intellectuals, your excellency, inviting our principal, director, teachers and all our friends. Firstly I wish all the teacher’s present here a very happy teacher’s day, dear audience you will yourself discover as the colours of this day unfold. Well my first and foremost duty on behalf of all the students of st. xavier, we welcome you all to today’s teacher’s day program. Anchor 2: We fell honoured to have with us our director sir Mr. Amrendra Kr. Singh, sir you hardly need any introduction, you have made all of us proud by your distinguished work in numerous capacities and then our principal Mr. tiwary sir, the man of distinct vision and a fountainhead of illuminating ideas, and lastly an idol of knowledge, an experience, an inspiration to all of us that is our teachers. May we have a clap for them! (AFTER TILAK CEREMONY GETS OVER) Anchor 1: Without taking much of your time, permit us to start the programme. 2: Firstly, parul of std. 11 is going to present an informative speech on the occasion of teacher’s day. (after the speech) 2: thank you parul ! Anchor 1: Now hold your breath for a duate song by shaurya and swarna of std. 11. Anchor 2: Wow! That was indeed lovely one. A blend of cosmic tune and divine music. Anchor 1: Now the head boy of our school abhilash will continue the speech. Anchor2: thankyou abhilash,.. Anchor 1: so get ready for a lovely song which will be performed by attaullah, (song- abhi abhi) ANCHOR 2: really awesomm!!! IN THE BEGINNING OF DANCE/SONG- Anchor 2: Yes I do, the heart beats have gone up and everyone is eager to sink into the depth of music, dance, lights and joy. Well here you are, now we will have rainbow of cultural programmes dedicated to our honourable teachers, Anchor 1: Now there will be a western group dance by the girls of std. 11,†¦ (AFTER THE DANCE) 2: Incredible! The young girls really held everyone captive. Over to you shivendra,.. 1: thankyou! So, again you are going to listen the sweetest voice of our xavier student, 2: I still feel like lost in those melody dipped music notes. 1: Well, come back now, lets have a change†¦. 2: Ok, what is next? 1: Wait wait†¦. dont step over the clock! Now gourav is going to unleash a breathtaking stage performance. 2: Don’t you think kids are more creative than the grown ups? 1: How do you mean? 2: Surprise, suspense, action, emotion. 1: Come on what is this puzzle? 2: Let me clear out.. so everyone present here, get ready for a sweet dance performance by the angels of our school, (after the dance) 1: Please have a big round of clap for them†¦ 2: lastly, a solo dance by diksha,.. 2: So our programme has come to an end and now I would like to call upon our principal/director sir, the sculptor of human character, a seasonal scholar and navigator of this flagship of knowledge to say some few lines. 1: Thank you sir!

Molecular Geometry

Molecular Geometry I – Investigation using Models (SL) (DCP Lab) Taksh Shah KIS International School Chemistry (SL) 1 Introduction For this investigation we had use molecular models and make the following structures: Symbol Name of Species Lewis Diagram Model Bond Polar or Angle (Â °) Non-Polar BeCl2 Beryllium Chloride Linear 180 Non-Polar C2H2 Acetylene Linear 180 Non- Polar BF3 Boron Tri? uoride Planar Triangle 120 Non- Polar C2H4 Ethylene Planar Triangle 120 Non-Polar Molecular Geometry I- Investigation using Models (SL) Chemistry (SL) Symbol 2 Name of Species Lewis DiagramModel Bond Polar or Angle (Â °) Non-Polar CH4 Methane Tetrahederal 109. 5 Non-Polar NH3 Ammonia Trigonal Pyramid 107 Polar H2O Water Bent / VShape 104. 5 Polar SO2 Sulfur Dioxide Bent / VShape 104. 5 Polar 120 Polar or NonPolar Planar C2H2Cl2 Dichloroethene Triangle (Carbon) Tetrahederal (Carbon) C2H6O Ethanol V-Shaped (Oxygen) Molecular Geometry I- Investigation using Models (SL) HCH Bond = 109. 5 COH = 104. 5 Polar Chemistry (SL) 3 Explanation Symbol BeCl2 C2H2 BF3 Structure It’s Linear because it has 2 Bond Paris and 0 Lone Paris It’s Linear because it has 2 Areas of negative harge around the Carbons and 0 Lone Paris It’s a Planar Triangle because it has 3 Bonding Pairs and 0 Lone Pairs Shape Polarity With the angle being 180Â ° Non-Polar because it has the Molecular Shape polar bonds and is becomes Linear symmetrical With the angle being 180Â ° Non-Polar because it has the Molecular Shape polar bonds and is becomes Linear symmetrical With the angle being 120Â ° Non-Polar because it has the Molecular Shape polar bonds and is becomes a Planar Triangle symmetrical It’s a Planar Triangle because it has 3 Areas of CH4 NH3 H2O SO2 Non-Polar because it has the Molecular Shape olar bonds and is Lone Pairs C2H4 With the angle being 120Â ° negative charge around the Carbons Pairs and 0 becomes a Planar Triangle symmetrical With the angle being 109. 5Â ° Non-Polar because it has It’s a Tetrahedral because it has 4 Bonding Paris and 0 Lone Pairs It’s a Trigonal Pyramid because it has 3 Bonding Paris and 1 Lone Pairs It’s a Bent/V-Shape because it has 2 Bonding Pairs and 2 Lone Pairs It’s a Bent/V-Shape because it has 3 Areas of positive charge around Sulphur and 1 Lone Pairs the Molecular Shape polar bonds and is becomes a Tetrahedral symmetrical With the angle being 107Â °Polar because it has polar the Molecular Shape bonds and is non- becomes a Trigonal Pyramid symmetrical With the angle being 104. 5Â ° Polar because it has polar the Molecular Shape bonds and is non- becomes a Bent/V-Shape symmetrical With the angle being 104. 5Â ° Polar because it has polar the Molecular Shape bonds and is non- becomes a Bent/V-Shape symmetrical Polar because it has polar bonds and is nonsymmetrical It’s a Planar Triangle because it has 3 areas of C2H2Cl2 negative charge around the Carbon atoms and 0 Lone Pair s With the angle being 120Â ° the Molecular Shape or becomes a Planar TriangleNon-Polar because it has non-polar bonds and is symmetrical Molecular Geometry I- Investigation using Models (SL) Chemistry (SL) Symbol 4 Structure Shape Polarity With the angle being 109. 5Â ° It’s a Tetrahedral (Carbon) because it has 4 the Molecular Shape Bonding Paris and 0 Lone Pairs becomes a Tetrahedral (Carbon) C2H6O It’s a Bent/V-Shape (Oxygen) because it has 2 Bonding Pairs and 2 Lone Pairs bonds and is nonWith the angle being 104. 5Â ° the Molecular Shape becomes a Bent/V-Shape (Oxygen) Molecular Geometry I- Investigation using Models (SL) Polar because it has polar symmetrical

Altruism essays

Altruism essays To understand Why People are Altruistic. We must learn Where did it comes from? and What does it mean? Altruistic or altruism is a concept in psychology and philosophy developed from a French Philosopher Auguste Comte. Comte laid claim to the French word altruisme, basing it on autrui meaning other person. Altruism means any behavior that is kind, generous and helpful to others. People are not likely to read about altruism in a newspaper, but they take place with great occurrence. People go to considerable trouble to help a sick neighbor, take in a family left homeless by a fire, and serve as volunteer firemen and hospital attendants. Altruism is an innate trait that has been passed along through the process of evolution. In addition, people have always had a better chance or survival when living with other individuals than when trying to make it alone. It seems likely that those who were willing to cooperate with others had a chance of surviving and passing along their characteristics to future generation. It is believe that not only altruism lies in heredity but in learning. There are wide individual differences in tendencies toward altruism. The people most likely to be altruistic are those who have learned to experience empathy the ability to feel the mental and emotional state of another person as if they were ones own. Having altruistic parents or other models to imitate and identify with also plays a part. Whether altruism is or is not a basic and innate human trait, there seems to be a little doubt that it can at least be encouraged or discouraged by learning and by social influence. ...

Summary of The Handmaids Tale essays

Summary of The Handmaid's Tale essays Margaret Atwood's The Handmaid's Tale is a frighteningly credible, if somewhat tongues which come to mind include the increasing pressure to abolish the Constitutional barrier between church and state, the recent failure of the women's movement to establish legally mandated rights to equality, the growing schism between adherents of science and technology and those who fear the power and responsibility such advances create, and the growing sense of individual isolation from the collective of society – a phenomenon that has been on the rise for nearly a century. My reaction to this novel is one of trepidation. While the misuse of women certainly takes center stage, the callous and self-righteous movement behind the rise of Gilead clearly brutalizes both sexes. Offred and Ofglen several times see the executed bodies of "criminals" displayed on the wall as a warning to the population. Some of the men they see hanging there are former physicians who performed abortions, a priest, and homosexuals. Even the Commander eventually...

Kanji for Tattoos

Kanji for Tattoos Since I receive many requests for Japanese tattoos, especially those written in kanji, I created this page. Even if you are not interested in getting a tattoo, it can help you to find out how to write specific words, or your name, in kanji. Japanese Writing First of all, just in case you are not familiar with Japanese, I will tell you a little bit about Japanese writing. There are three kinds of scripts in Japanese: kanji, hiragana and katakana. The combination of all three are used for writing. Please check out my Japanese Writing for Beginners page to learn more about Japanese writing. Characters can be written both vertically and horizontally. Click here to learn more about vertical and horizontal writing.   Katakana is generally used for foreign names, places, and words of foreign origin. Therefore, if you are from a country that doesnt use kanji (Chinese characters), your name is normally written in katakana. Please check out my article, Katakana in the Matrix to learn more about katakana. General Kanji for Tattoos Check out your favorite words at the following Popular Kanji for Tattoos pages. Each page lists 50 popular words in kanji characters. Part 1 and Part 2 include the sound files to help your pronunciation. Part 1 - Love, Beauty, Peace etc.Part 2 - Destiny, Achievement, Patience etc.Part 3 - Honesty, Devotion, Warrior etc.Part 4 - Challenge, Family, Sacred etc.Part 5 - Immortality, Intelligence, Karma etc.Part 6 - Best Friend, Unity, Innocence etc.Part 7- Infinity, Paradise, Messiah etc.Part 8   - Revolution, Fighter, Dreamer etc.Part 9 - Determination, Confession, Beast etc.Part 10 - Pilgrim, Abyss, Eagle etc.Part 11 - Aspiration, Philosophy, Traveler etc.Part 12 - Conquest, Discipline, Sanctuary etc Seven Deadly SinsSeven Heavenly VirtuesSeven Codes of BushidoHoroscopeFive Elements You can also see the collection of the kanji characters at Kanji Land. The Meaning of Japanese Names Try the All About Japanese Names page to learn more about Japanese names. Your Name in Katakana Katakana is a phonetic script (so is hiragana) and it does not have any meaning by itself (like kanji). There are some English sounds that dont exist in Japanese: L, V, W, etc.Therefore when foreign names are translated into katakana, the pronunciation might be changed a little bit. Your Name in Hiragana As I mentioned above, katakana is normally used to write foreign names, but if you like hiragana better it is possible to write it in hiragana. The Name Exchange site will display your name in hiragana (using a calligraphy style font). Your Name in Kanji Kanji is generally not used to write foreign names. Please note that although foreign names can be translated into kanji, they are translated purely on a phonetic basis and in most cases will have no recognizable meaning.   To learn kanji characters, click here for various lessons. Language Poll Which Japanese writing style do you like the most? Click here to vote your favorite script.

Describe the Assessment Form Dr Agile Webside Essay

Describe the Assessment Form Dr Agile Webside - Essay Example Agile assessment. This is an interpretation of the Dr. Agile test results and questionnaire, which explain the relevance of the results in context According to the results of the Dr. Agile analysis, in the practice of ‘Managing Requirements Using a Backlog’, the team was rated â€Å"Not Suitable† by 28% in the field of ‘Welcoming constant change’ and â€Å"Partially Suitable† by 60% in the areas of ‘Importance of Prioritizing’ and ‘Realizing the Evolutionary Nature of Software Development’ (Dr. Agile, 2010). These results indicate that the team needs additional work in adjusting to changing circumstances and acclimating themselves to the field of software development and technology. The rapidly expanding technological market brings constant changes to the work environment and employees within this field must be able to adjust to the daily changes that may occur so they will be better able to service their customers. In the remaining field of ‘Management Buy-in’, the team was rated as â€Å"Largely Suitable† by 73% (Dr. Agile, 2010). ... Agile, 2010). These indications mean that the team requires work in these areas before they can successfully adopt these practices into their work scheme. The characteristic of ‘Handling Stress’ was rated as â€Å"Largely Suitable† by a margin of 61% and ‘Buy-in of the Development Team’ was rated â€Å"Largely Suitable† by 83% (Dr. Agile, 2010). The â€Å"Group Estimation† practice achieved a 28%rating of â€Å"Not Suitable† in the characteristic of ‘Multi-Disciplined Team Members’ and the practice of â€Å"Self-Organized Teams† received the same rating for the same characteristic (Dr. Agile, 2010). This reveals the necessity for strong supportive training in the area of working collectively to achieve a goal and independent decision-making. In the practice of â€Å"Group Estimations†, the team was rated â€Å"Largely Suitable† by 73% in the characteristic of ‘Management Buy-in’ and à ¢â‚¬Å"Fully Suitable† by 93% in the characteristics of ‘Trust between Management and Team Members’ and ‘Developer’s Buy-in’ (Dr. Agile, 2010). They also earned the â€Å"Fully Suitable† by 93% rating in the characteristic of ‘Developer’s Buy-in’ within the practice of â€Å"Daily Standup Meeting† and ‘Management Buy-in’ and ‘Trust between Management and Team Members’ within the practice of â€Å"Self-Organized Teams† (Dr. Agile, 2010). The characteristics of ‘Management Buy-in’ in the practice of â€Å"Daily Standup Meeting† and ‘Developer’s Buy-in’ in the practice of â€Å"Self-Organized Teams† both received the rating of â€Å"Largely Suitable† by 83% (Dr. Agile, 2010). Overall, the ratings demonstrate the strengths and weaknesses of the team as a whole and demonstrate which areas need

Opportunity Corridor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Opportunity Corridor - Essay Example In some instances, the program may lead to urban sprawl as well as less congestion when cities receive expressways and freeways. Large-scale urban renewal programs across the U.S. commenced during the interwar period. The purpose of the program was to clear slums and transform them into cities thereby rehabilitating and repopulating the cities (Schmitt 34). Thus, the program addressed social, economic, and environmental concerns affecting the suburban sprawl. In Ohio State, Cleveland constitutes one of the regions where urban renewal program is ongoing through the Opportunity Corridor road Project amounting to $331 million (Schmitt 37). The paper aims at discussing the contentious Opportunity Corridor project. However, I believe that the Opportunity Corridor project is of great benefit to the Clevelanders Cleveland’s City Charter through the City Planning Commission adopts a comprehensive plan aimed at developing and improving the city. Since the city has plans of achieving social, economic, and environmental sustainability within its districts, various plans are therefore underway. One of the plans entails the Cleveland Opportunity Corridor Study Project. The study examines the potential to develop a transportation system as well as support premeditated economic development growth in regions ranging from I-490/I-77and University Circle within Cleveland. The region is regarded as Forgotten Triangle since it lacks economic activity (Greater Cleveland Partnerships 1). This region has been a center of heavy industrial activities since the 1880s. Both investment and population within the area have recorded a dramatic decline with the neighborhood recording abandonment and neglect in the recent years. Besides transportation benefits, the project will create and increase the potenti al for new jobs, novel economic development as well as a fresh identity for the community. Grassroots group of citizens oppose the construction of the Opportunity

Alternative Solutions to Medical Testing on Animals Article

Alternative Solutions to Medical Testing on Animals - Article Example An ethical principle that guides the use of alternative methods to animal testing encourages the replacement, reduction and refinement as an effective way of minimizing animal suffering while safeguarding biological experiments thereby proposing ethical alternatives as the discussion below portrays. One of such alternatives is cell cultures (Maguire and Eric 121). This refers to the process of growing both human and animal cells in cultures thereby providing scientists with an opportunity to carry their tests effectively. Psychological egoism is among the ethical theories that continue to propagate for the alternative. According to the theory, explains that self-interests often motivate most of the human actions. Scientists and biologists cause immense pain, suffering and even death to other animals in their desire to make inventions thereby enhancing the profits they acquire from such (Watson 66). The theory therefore encourages the use of cells, which provides the scientists with similar platform to carry scientific researches while saving animals from the immense pain. Objectivism is yet another ethical concept that encourages the use of alternatives to animal testing. The concept explains that reality exists independently of consciousness. As such, humans can acquire knowledge from inductive logic and concept formation. Additionally, the concept explains that pursuing one’s happiness is the moral purpose of life. Using animals in scientific experiments provides humans with an opportunity to develop knowledge. However, the concept encourages the use of other safer and painless ways of doing the same. Dissecting animals is often a bloody affair that most people abhor (Monamy 78). The theory therefore encourages methods that enhance personal happiness and does not cause doubts in the minds of the scientists. Reciprocal altruism further advances the thought for a safer and painless ways

Amish in practical life Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Amish in practical life - Article Example Learning about their verbal and non-verbal communications was also interesting, the way a female dresses in that culture sends an automatic message to what kind of treatment she should expect. But unlike other communities where only the females are required to observe preservations about clothing etc. the Amish have defined guidelines for the men too. The married men can be clearly distinguished from those who are not by their appearances. The lifestyle of Amish people is quite impressive, and unbelievably simple. Their beliefs about the influences of technology and minimal use of it are unimaginable to people like us who are self-accepted slaves to technology. One view would say, that the Amish are backward, non-developing, non-evolving, and narrow-minded. The so many restrictions in their life regarding everything, from the way they dress to the way they live, celebrate and carry out day to day activities may led one to believe that these people are living a bounded life with no rights of their own. They cannot chose their way of living as everything is pre-planned for them. The men would work in fields and work for the family’s income, the women will be responsible for the operations of the household. The funeral in Amish culture is also carried out very simply, â€Å" graves are hand dug. The funeral service is simple, with no eulogy or flowers. Grave stones are simple, following the Amish belief that no individual is better than the other† (Powell 2010). This belief of their communicates a simple truth of life that whatever a person achieved in life.

The Issue of the Negative Externalities of the Profit Maximization Aim Essay

The Issue of the Negative Externalities of the Profit Maximization Aim of the Big Corporations - Essay Example In this essay, he is against the big corporations which exploit the community in order to raise their profits, and condemns their motives and actions, accusing them of selfishness and non-humanitarianism; therefore his reputation instigates the reader to accept his blatant accusations and emotional appeals, thus the way a reader would read this essay. He bases his claim on the pieces of evidence from law pertaining to different illegal acts in the American society, proceeds on to include the numerical figures of the houses and villages that have been uprooted due to the tyranny of the big corporations, furthermore he states the abnormal profit figures generated by GM.  Ã‚   The main focus of his essay is on pathos since it is obvious that he is using sensitive terms such as ‘destroys Parma, moral, kills, illegal, hazardous, rights’ etc., in order to appeal to the emotions of the readers and arouse their sensitive side. To some extent he also makes use of ethos, since he has a reputation of speaking the blatant truth, and people usually respect him for his honesty and blunt opinion on any issue (IMDB, 2010), in addition to this, he also states that his film â€Å"Roger and Me† has been viewed by all bottom-line feeder, but this is a argue that is subjective in nature, and not at all being backed by evidence, this is a logical fallacy known as ‘hasty generalization’ since Moore is claiming that all people of the mentioned group have seen the movie. Moore has made other logical fallacies in this essay as well, such as the use of emotionally loaded terms, which makes the basis of this work has a ‘pathos’ approa ch. Furthermore, he has overly simplified the matter, since the way he has presented the argument for making the point of selling crack and corporation actions  appear on equal footing seems to be very simplified, while it actually might not be the case, since selling of crack would not affect the economy and health of the people the same way as other matters.

Amish in practical life Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Amish in practical life - Article Example Learning about their verbal and non-verbal communications was also interesting, the way a female dresses in that culture sends an automatic message to what kind of treatment she should expect. But unlike other communities where only the females are required to observe preservations about clothing etc. the Amish have defined guidelines for the men too. The married men can be clearly distinguished from those who are not by their appearances. The lifestyle of Amish people is quite impressive, and unbelievably simple. Their beliefs about the influences of technology and minimal use of it are unimaginable to people like us who are self-accepted slaves to technology. One view would say, that the Amish are backward, non-developing, non-evolving, and narrow-minded. The so many restrictions in their life regarding everything, from the way they dress to the way they live, celebrate and carry out day to day activities may led one to believe that these people are living a bounded life with no rights of their own. They cannot chose their way of living as everything is pre-planned for them. The men would work in fields and work for the family’s income, the women will be responsible for the operations of the household. The funeral in Amish culture is also carried out very simply, â€Å" graves are hand dug. The funeral service is simple, with no eulogy or flowers. Grave stones are simple, following the Amish belief that no individual is better than the other† (Powell 2010). This belief of their communicates a simple truth of life that whatever a person achieved in life.

Should Films and Computer Games with Violence be Restricted Essay

Should Films and Computer Games with Violence be Restricted - Essay Example Today computer games such as Grand Theft Auto allow users to actively engage in car theft and murder. Films such as Die Hard glorify violence. With the increasing liberalization of subject matter, a growing body of concern has emerged as to the extent that films and computer games with violence should be restricted. This essay examines this question through an examination of opinions both in favor and against restrictions on film and computer game violence before ultimately arguing that there should be a level of restrictions on violent video games and films. Analysis Perhaps the most pervasive argument in favor of restrictive measures on violent films and video games is that these media outlets cause real life crime through desensitizing the viewers and game players. There are a variety of perspectives on this issue. Some of the most powerful and convincing arguments have emerged as a direct result of psychological research. Dill (2000) conducted a study that is argued to demonstrat e engagement with violent films and video games â€Å"provide a forum for learning and practicing aggressive solutions to conflict situations† and there is the understanding that such violence â€Å"appears to affect aggression by priming aggressive thoughts. Longer-term effects are likely to be longer lasting as well, as the player learns and practices new aggression-related scripts that can become more and more accessible for use when real-life conflict situations arise." If true, these are powerful conclusions. Essentially, Dill is arguing that through participation in violent video games and films, participants are actually able to rehearse how they will act in violent or criminal contexts. This perspective is not far-fetched when one considers that violent films often implicitly ask the viewer to identify with a protagonist who is willing to engage in violent acts as a means of solving conflicts. Video games go even further in allowing the user to actually participate i n the violence. Ultimately, it’s clear that the potential desensitizing effects of violent films and video games is a pressing concern. Another prominent concern is that violent video games have a detrimental effect on the individual’s cognitive development. While traditional video games have been demonstrated to contain addictive qualities, growing bodies of researchers argue that the addictive quality of violent video games has an increasingly negative impact on cognitive development. The addictive nature of video games has been a long established fact with a sect of players referred to as ‘gamers’ oftentimes participating in upwards of 40-50 hours of video game playing per week. When such video game playing occurs in the context of a violence gaming world, the potential for negative cognitive development occurrences is argued to become a readily apparent fact. Indeed, a number of instances have been recorded where extreme consequences have occurred for individuals. In one instances, regarding a child in Moscow it’s noted that, â€Å"He had not only received bad marks but was also known for bad behavior in class.   Denial of video games is, by all rights, appropriate punishment and I’m sure no one thought that it would lead to his jumping  from his 19th floor apartment

Integrated Conservation Development Projects Essay Example for Free

Integrated Conservation Development Projects Essay Integrated Conservation Development Projects (ICDP) look into how the socio-economic goals of a people may be achieved without compromising the ecological balance of the environment. At the same time, ICDP, more importantly, is directed at using socio-economic investments to keep the biodiversity intact despite the influx of human activities. ICDPs require an assessment of the dynamics of the project area so as to be able to determine the appropriate approach and the needed intervention, and monitoring and evaluation in the target community. The following are experiences of the implementation of some ICDPs: English Title: Conservation and development projects in the Brazilian Amazon: lessons from the community initiative program in Rondonia. Personal Authors: Browder, J. O. Author Affiliation: Department of Urban Affairs and Planning, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA. Document Title: Environmental Management, 2002 (Vol. 29) (No. 6) 750-762 Publisher: Springer-Verlag NewYork Inc. Abstract: This ICDP takes on community-based conservation and development as a foundation of sustainable economic development. Although there is a growing debate on the effectiveness and replicability of ICDPs, the central elements of the concept of integrated conservation and development are examined through a description of the Community Initiative Program (CIP), a pilot program of the Rondonia Natural Resources Management project in the western Brazilian Amazon state of Rondonia. The CIP apply the principles of ICDP to the regional scale in different communities at the same time. Conservation impacts of the program and lessons learned are presented here. Author: Asian Development Bank Year: 1998 Paper Title: Central Sulawesi Integrated Area Development and Conservation Project Abstract: This ICDP focuses on Indonesia’s Central Sulawesi Integrated Development Conservation Project. The goals of the Project are poverty reduction and sustainable development achieved through acceleration and sustained growth of the agricultural sector. It also has a policy component that aims to develop a policy framework and institutional reform measures to increase agricultural productivity. The expected outputs and outcomes of the Project are hoped to bring about socio-economic as well as environmental benefits. The benefits shall have a positive impact on both the poor and the indigenous cultural communities in the area. Author: The World Bank Documents Reports Year: 2007 Paper Title: Request for the secretary of states approval to designate Bolong Fenyo as Gunjar community wildlife reserve Journal Title: Gambia Integrated Coastal and Marine Biodiversity Management Project Volume: 2 of 2 Abstract: Gambia’s critical ecological areas may be protected with The Integrated Coastal and Marine Biodiversity (ICAM) project. A number of expected project impacts and mitigation measures may regulate activities through the establishment of resource utilization zones within the core park area and buffer zones but these are aimed to obtain positive effects and impact both in the short-term and in the long run. A new set of rules will also have to be drafted by the DPWM and the communities so that permitted activities especially in the reserve area such as fishing and oystering may be agreed upon. Other alternative options are being explored in view of the limitations presented. References Cab Abstracts. (2007). Conservation and development projects in the Brazilian Amazon: lessons from the community initiative program in Rondonia. Retrieved October 8, 2007, from Cab Abstracts Web site: https://www.adb.org/

Pathologies of Paranasal Sinuses on MDCT

Pathologies of Paranasal Sinuses on MDCT MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was conducted at the Department of Radio-diagnosis and Imaging in collaboration with the Department of ENT, Department of Pathology, and Department of Microbiology, Batra Hospital and Medical Research Centre. STUDY DESIGN: Observational study. CT PNS of the patients was evaluated for the cause of sinus complaints. Causes deduced from CT PNS were correlated with clinical/histopathological/surgical/ microbiological findings. STATISTICAL METHODS: Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were calculated, followed by use of Fischer Exact test. The research hypothesis and statistical methods were formed in consultation with the Biostatistician. SAMPLE SIZE (Annexure 6): 100 patients referred for evaluation of sinus complaints were enrolled in the study after fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria and taking written/verbal informed consent, over a period of July 2013 to April 2015. INCLUSION CRITERIA: Patients with complaints like headache/nasal obstruction/discharge/hyposmia /swelling over cheek and with clinically suspected paranasal sinuses lesions referred for MDCT PNS evaluation. EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Acute sinonasal inflammatory disease. Previous evidence of sinonasal surgery. All cases of trauma. ETHICAL ISSUES: The study was conducted after necessary approval from the Institutional review board and ethics committee. MDCT is a non-invasive modality. All safety and screening measures were undertaken as per the American College of Radiology practice guidelines for performing Computed Tomography. INSTRUMENTATION: Light VCT 64 slice MDCT of GE radical system with advanced workstation 4.3 GE. Protocol followed for MDCT PNS: 1. Scout : Lateral kV : 120 mA : 10 Scout Plane : 900 2. Axial Images kV : 120 mA : 120 Start/End : 0 to 74.3 Total Exposure Time : 5.4 sec Gantry tilt : 0 Interval : 0.625 mm Slice thickness : 0.625 mm Helical Scan Rotation Time : 0.6 sec Rotation Length : Full Pitch and Speed : 0.531:1 10.62 mm/rotation Detector Coverage : 20 mm SUMMARY The present study was conducted in Department of Radiodiagnosis, Batra hospital and medical research centre, New Delhi in close association with the department of ENT from July 2013 to April 2015. The aims and objectives of our study were to characterize pathologies of paranasal sinuses on MDCT, to delineate their anatomical location, extension and bony involvement and to correlate the multi detector computed tomography findings with clinical/surgical/histopathological/ microbiological findings. A total of 100 patients who came with complaints referring to nose and paranasal sinuses were included in the study. All patients were subjected to MDCT PNS after detailed clinical examination. The imaging findings are correlated with other investigations. Key imaging features considered were significant anatomical variations, site of involvement, bony and soft tissue changes, invasion of surrounding structures, pathognomic features and correlation with clinical complaints/surgical/pathological/microbiological findings. Among 100 patients in our study, there were 15 patients in 0 20 years age group, 36 patients in 21 40 years age group, 37 in 41 60 years age group and 12 were greater than 60 years. The age group of patients ranged from minimum of 9 months to maximum of 81 years. The highest number of patients were in 41 60 years age group. The study comprised of 65 males and 35 females. The number of male patients were higher than the female patients. The patients were divided into five categories: bacterial sinusitis, fungal sinusitis, benign tumors, malignant tumors, and miscellaneous. 84 patients presented with sub acute or chronic bacterial sinusitis, 4 patients were of fungal sinusitis, 4 patients presented with benign tumors, 3 patients with malignant tumors and 5 patients with other miscellaneous conditions. Various anatomical variations were encountered during our study. One or the other anatomic variation was found in 99 cases ( 99% ). Of the structures around ostiomeatal unit, giant bulla ethmoidalis was found in 35 cases, middle turbinate pneumatisation in 33 cases, paradoxical curvature of middle turbinate in 19 cases. Haller cell was found in 15 cases. Type 1 frontal sinus drainage pathway in 78 cases, type 2 frontal sinus drainage pathway in 21 cases. Deviated nasal septum with or without septal spur in 55 cases, inferior turbinate hypertrophy in 30 cases, accessory maxillary ostia in 26 cases, and agger nasi cell in 93 cases. Type 1 optic nerve course was found in 53 cases, type 2 in 14 cases, type 3 in 9 cases, and type 4 optic nerve course along with Onodi cells in 23 cases. Type 1 anterior clinoid process pneumatisation was found in 10 cases, type 2 pneumatisation in 1 case. Sphenoid septum lateral attachment in 7 cases, and sphenoid sinus septum pneumatisation in 14 cases. Among 84 patients with bacterial sinusitis, 26 patients presented with sporadic pattern, 23 patients with infundibular pattern, 23 patients with ostiomeatal unit pattern, 8 patients with polyposis pattern, and 4 patients with sphenoid recess pattern. The various causative factors which came across in infundibular pattern were Haller cells in 6 cases, giant bulla ethmoidalis in 6 cases, uncinate process pneumatisation in 1 case, and mucoperiosteal thickening in 10 cases. The various causative factors for ostiomeatal pattern which were found during our study were: inferior turbinate hypertrophy in 6 cases, giant bulla ethmoidalis in 6 cases, deviated nasal septum with or without septal spur in 4 cases, concha bullosa in 3 cases, concha lamella in 2 cases, agger nasi cell in 1 case, and paradoxical middle turbinate in 1 case. The various findings which were encountered in bacterial sinusitis in our study were: mucoperiosteal thickening in 84 cases, ostiomeatal unit block in 31 patients, bone thickening in 20 patients, bone thinning in 8 cases, and bone sclerosis in 6 patients. Among 4 patients with fungal sinusitis, the various findings were: bilateral / multisinus involvement was found in 4 cases, expansion of any involved sinus was found in 4 cases, intrasinus hyperdensity was found in 4 cases. Bony thinning was found in 4 cases, bony erosions and nasal cavity involvement was found in 3 cases. The various findings in 4 cases of benign tumors seen ( 1 inverted papilloma, 1 juvenile angiofibroma and 2 ivory osteomas ) were: bony thinning in 2 cases, bony remodelling in 2 cases, multisinus involvement in 2 cases, intracranial extension in 1 case, and intra orbital extension in 1 case. Bony destruction, bone thickening/sclerosis, and calcification were not seen in any of the cases. Among 3 cases of malignant tumors (squamous cell carcinoma, embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, and esthesioneuroblastoma), various findings were: : Bony destruction in 3 cases, bony thinning in 3 cases, bony remodelling in 0 cases, multisinus involvement in 2 cases, intracranial extension in 2 cases, and intra orbital extension in 2 cases. Bone thickening/sclerosis, and calcification were not seen in any of the cases. Under miscellaneous category we encountered one case each of periapical cyst, oro-antral fistula, granulomatous polyangitis, monostotic fibrous dysplasia, and Langerhans cell histiocytosis. In our study we found sensitivity and specificity for bacterial sinusitis as 100% and 94.11% respectively. The fungal sinusitis had sensitivity and specificity of 75% and 100% respectively. Benign, malignant tumors and others had sensitivity and specificity of 100%. The diagnostic accuracy for bacterial sinusitis and fungal sinusitis was 99%, and the diagnostic accuracy of benign, malignant tumors and other miscellaneous conditions was 100%. The p value was obtained after applying Fischer Exact test. The p value obtained was statistically significant for all the disease conditions. Based on the statistical values it can be inferred that multi detector computed tomography is useful to characterize paranasal sinuses lesions and also delineation of anatomical location, extension and bony involvement. There are certain limitations in our study. Our findings cannot be generalised to the whole population because of the limited sample size. However, our findings add value to the research done. The role of contrast cannot be adequately studied. The role of MRI in various paranasal sinus pathologies was not evaluated. CONCLUSION Paranasal sinus diseases are very commonly encountered problems in clinical practice. Clinical assessment alone is not sufficient to reach a diagnosis, as the presentation of most of the conditions is nonspecific. Imaging forms the mainstay not only in making correct diagnosis, but also to know the extent of lesion, pre-operative assessment of the sinonasal anatomy and commonly encountered anatomic variations. X ray has low sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values. CT is highly sensitive and specific in determining the presence of paranasal sinus pathology and clearly demonstrates the complex anatomy. The introduction of multi detector CT has transformed the axial imaging modality into a volumetric one and allows the pathology to be displayed in any desired plane. The capability of thin-section acquisition improves visualisation of tiny pathological details, and the isotropic nature of high spatial resolution data sets enables display in multiple planes, obviating image acquisition in prone or hyper extended patient position. Recommendations: 1. MDCT has proved to be highly sensitive in classifying the lesions into clinically relevant categories, making diagnosis and more so in knowing the extent of involvement with a high diagnostic accuracy. 2. MDCT is an indispensible tool before Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS) to accurately delineate the fine bony details that contribute to disease and also can predispose to complications which can be fatal. 3. MDCT is very useful in predicting the diagnosis of fungal sinusitis by the presence of intrasinus hyperdensity, granulomatous diseases by the presence of nasal septal perforation and intracranial or intraorbital invasion, malignancy by bone destruction and invasion. 4. MDCT can tailor the surgery according to the extent of disease. It helps in determining the prognosis of the malignant tumors depending on the site and extent of the disease. It can also obviate the need for surgery in certain conditions like polyposis. 5. MRI can be problem solving tool in differentiating inflammatory sinonasal diseases from tumors, and also for the presence of intracranial or intraorbital extension. 6. However, MRI alone cannot be performed in the evaluation of paranasal sinus diseases because of the problem of signal voids. It has to be supplemented by CT. 7. MDCT is the preferred initial modality of all imaging studies available because of its ease, availability, accuracy, precision and low cost. 1

Biography of Isaac Newton :: Sir Isaac Newton Essays

Sir Isaac Newton was an English mathematician and physicist, considered one of the greatest scientists in history. He made important contributions to many fields of science. His discoveries and theories laid the foundation for much of the progress in science. Newton was one of the inventors of a mathematics called calculus. He also solved the mysteries of light and optics, formulated the three laws of motion, and derived from them the law of universal gravitation. Newton was born on December 25, 1642, at Woolsthorpe, near Grantham in Lincolnshire. When he was three years old, he was put in care of his Grandmother. He then was sent to grammar school in Grantham. Then later he attended Trinity College at the University of Cambridge. Newton ignored much of the established curriculum of the university to pursue his own interests; mathematics and natural philosophy. Proceeding entirely on his own, he investigated the latest developments in mathematics and the new natural philosophy that treated nature as a complicated machine. Almost immediately, still under the age of 25, he made fundamental discoveries that were instrumental in his career science. The Fluxional Method, Newton's first achievement was in mathematics. He generalized the methods that were being used to draw tangents to curves and to calculate the area swept by curves. He recognized that the two procedures were inverse operations. By joining them in what he called the fluxional method, Newton developed in 1666 a kind of mathematics that is known as calculus. Calculus was a new and powerful method that carried modern mathematics above the level of Greek geometry. Optics was another area of Newton's early interests. In trying to explain how colors occur, he arrived at the idea that sunlight is a heterogeneous blend of different colors of which represents a different color. And that reflections, and refraction's cause colors to appear by separating the blend into its components. Newton demonstrated his theory of colors by passing a beam of sunlight through a type of prism, which split the beam into separate colors. In August 1684 Newton was visited by Edmund Halley, the British astronomer and mathematician, who discussed with Newton the problem of orbital motion. Newton had also pursued the science of mechanics as an undergraduate, and at that time he had already entertained basic notions about universal gravitation. As result of Halley's visit, Newton returned to these studies. During the next three years, Newton established the modern science of dynamics by formulating his three laws of motion. Newton applied these laws to Kepler's laws of orbital motion, and derived the law of universal gravitation. Newton is probably best known for discovering universal gravitation, which explains that all bodies in space and on earth are affected by the force called gravity. Biography of Isaac Newton :: Sir Isaac Newton Essays Sir Isaac Newton was an English mathematician and physicist, considered one of the greatest scientists in history. He made important contributions to many fields of science. His discoveries and theories laid the foundation for much of the progress in science. Newton was one of the inventors of a mathematics called calculus. He also solved the mysteries of light and optics, formulated the three laws of motion, and derived from them the law of universal gravitation. Newton was born on December 25, 1642, at Woolsthorpe, near Grantham in Lincolnshire. When he was three years old, he was put in care of his Grandmother. He then was sent to grammar school in Grantham. Then later he attended Trinity College at the University of Cambridge. Newton ignored much of the established curriculum of the university to pursue his own interests; mathematics and natural philosophy. Proceeding entirely on his own, he investigated the latest developments in mathematics and the new natural philosophy that treated nature as a complicated machine. Almost immediately, still under the age of 25, he made fundamental discoveries that were instrumental in his career science. The Fluxional Method, Newton's first achievement was in mathematics. He generalized the methods that were being used to draw tangents to curves and to calculate the area swept by curves. He recognized that the two procedures were inverse operations. By joining them in what he called the fluxional method, Newton developed in 1666 a kind of mathematics that is known as calculus. Calculus was a new and powerful method that carried modern mathematics above the level of Greek geometry. Optics was another area of Newton's early interests. In trying to explain how colors occur, he arrived at the idea that sunlight is a heterogeneous blend of different colors of which represents a different color. And that reflections, and refraction's cause colors to appear by separating the blend into its components. Newton demonstrated his theory of colors by passing a beam of sunlight through a type of prism, which split the beam into separate colors. In August 1684 Newton was visited by Edmund Halley, the British astronomer and mathematician, who discussed with Newton the problem of orbital motion. Newton had also pursued the science of mechanics as an undergraduate, and at that time he had already entertained basic notions about universal gravitation. As result of Halley's visit, Newton returned to these studies. During the next three years, Newton established the modern science of dynamics by formulating his three laws of motion. Newton applied these laws to Kepler's laws of orbital motion, and derived the law of universal gravitation. Newton is probably best known for discovering universal gravitation, which explains that all bodies in space and on earth are affected by the force called gravity.

Zipcar Individual Case Brief

Zipcar Company is affected by several general environment factors including the following: Sociocultural: There is very well developed public transportation system available in the urban areas and people can easily get the mobility through public transportation. Easy access to the public transportation affects Zipcar’s business to minimize its revenues. Economic: Due to the high gas prices, it is not easy for the companies like Zipcar to compete in the market but the Zipcar can come up with hybrid cars to overcome this threat. Technological: Zipcar has now its own application to select the cars and this application makes the process easy for the customers in selecting the right vehicle. Technology is helping the company to better facilitate its customers. Zipcar company is attractive for the new entrants and the business has enough potential to generate above average profits. Following are the most important of five forces affecting the Zipcar business: Threat of new entrants: Threat of new entrants is high for this company. There are many other companies like Enterprise car rentals can also offer car sharing services. Threat of substitute products: Zipacar is a unique business model and the threat of substitute product is low because it needs a big business setup to establish business model similar to the Zipcar. Following are the two main companies that are in the competition with the Zipcar. Enterprise rent a car: Enterprise rent a car is a big car rental business and if they start the car sharing service in the future so it will become more competitive for the Zipcar to generate above average revenue in the market. Hertz car rental service: Hertz car rental can be another direct competing firm to the Zipcar. They are second largest in terms of fleet after Enterprise. Most important of the value chain factors are discussed in the following paragraph. Marketing and sales: Are very important factors that are important for the company. This business needs some proper marketing strategy to create awareness in the minds of the target audience. This factor is superior among the both competitors. Technological development: It is important for the Zipcar is a company and the company can use new technology including smart phone applications to attract new customers. This factor is superior among both competitors. Zipcars net profit margin for 2012 was 5. 26 million as compare to Hertz profit margin of 2. 69 million. The company has a social responsibility of keeping the environment clean and Zipcar is adding environment friendly cars to its fleet to keep the environment clean. Zipcar company is aligned with the market trend and this is the major strength that is attracting more opportunities and limiting threats to the company. Due to the seasonal demand for the vehicles Zipcar experiences low return in certain months that limits the opportunities and enhances the threats. Zipcar is offering the service that is valuable and rare but it is not costly to imitate for big competitors and there are also substitutes available in the market with little modification in terms and conditions. The competitive advantage for Zipcar is temporary. Zipcar’s business level strategy is highly focused on differentiation and offering environment friendly products. Corporate level of the strategy is not that developed yet and the company is having slow growth due to the income only from one sector. The company had a merger with Flexcar in 2009 and they also made alliance with Avancar in Spain due to its cooperative strategy. Company has not given a good international strategy even though they are also working in several other nations but they still need better business model to work internationally. Overall, the company has to work on the corporate level to compete both locally and internationally. Company is pursuing its business level strategy to win the market share. Firm needs to recruit more staff because there is a strong lack of customer service in their current business model and today, the companies with strong customer service are the one who has a big market share in the businesses. Most important 7’s factors are following: System: Company has uniform working criteria everywhere they work. Staff: Company works hard to boost the motivation of their employees. Skills: By hiring the right people and continuous training procedure the company is having edge over other competitors. Q1: How the company takes care of its stakeholders as they are major part of the process to generate above average returns? Q2: What strategy does the company have to response to the hyper-competition?

Hypothesis Supply Chain Management in Today’s Business Climate

Gathering and distributing information is as old as the human race itself. From the early days of cave paintings to today†s modern computer databases, human being has constantly searched to improve the way we communicate. In the business climate of today you must either have a state of the art information network or no clients. The cutthroat world of bushiness is cruel if your company can not keep up with the cutting edge technology. The way to beat the competition is to have the most state of the art information gathering and distribution network. Having this type of network is not the only battle, being able to use this system properly comes in handy as well. This paper is a walk through of information technology as it relates Supply Chain Management. Along this journey stops in the past, present, and future are made. Hypothesis Supply Chain Management in today†s business climate is the wave of the future. The gathering and distribution of information is the most important task in business today. History of Information Technology The evolution of Information Technology starts from the inception of the human communication. The real leaps and bounds came at the birth of the computer. Previously gathering of information took place without the use of real technology. Granted the use of writing letters and the use of telephone and telegraph speed the flow of information. These early forms did not have great storage capacity or easy access by many parties. The best analogy to use is a row of matches all lined up end to end. Traveling from one end to the other is the way the precomputer days had information flowing. With the use of a computer as a distribution point the picture of the matches changes from the line to a circle, with the distributor in the middle reaching all concerned groups at the same time. This visual perception shows the need for Supply Chain Management. The reason for Supply Chain Management is to make money. The easiest way to do so is to save time and space. The quick distribution of information does both. Information technology was first used as just a simple and efficient way of giving information out within the company. The main reason that these first uses were so simple is that the computer was also in its developmental stages. (Gordon, 1996) The painful fact was as much as companies wanted to more utilize the technology at hand it was expensive and consumed rooms full of space. With the later development of the desktop workstation corporations were better able to put the information at the fingertips of all their employees. This giant leap in both computer technology and information technology paved the way for some of the Supply chain†s current uses. The previous uses where to gather information from satellite sites throughout the company's domain and bring this information back to a central processing point. Examples of the types of information transferred are employee and supplier records, inventories, and sales figures for the branch. This one way flow of information was the old school of thinking when it comes to the science of information management. Supply Chain Management says that you have your information flowing in more than one direction to work. Specific hardware changes that helped boost the importance of Supply Chain Management are the shrinking of both the size and cost of each computer. The reduced size of memory chips made for the easy shrinkage of the computer due to the large portion of space that this component takes up. Other hardware improvements include the reduced size of the tubes in the monitor making them less like the floor console televisions of old. Along with all of these improvements another strange thing happened, the price went down, as new technology became available. The use of the computer to distribute and gather information became affordable to all companies great and small. Increased storage capacity allowed companies to gather and hold more information at their fingertips. (Davidow, 1996) The other changes in Supply Management came in software development. The increased power of computers led software designers to actually create programs like databases and spreadsheets. The ease of use and organized storage of information made new programs appealing to the business world. The need to store and distribute information became the market niche for companies like Lotus, JD Edwards and Computer Associates. Addressing concerns such as security and accesses were two points of emphasis for corporate software buyers. The big hurdle to cross was not how to just gather information within your own organization but to also explore outside those boarders to gain more cost and time savings with suppliers and customers. The tool that answered this call was the development of the Internet and the World Wide Web. This network of computers combined with the new hardware allows for the communication of information around the world in seconds. The other thing the Internet brings to the table is information that any one could access even from the privacy of their homes. The important change here is now you can reach potential suppliers and customers very inexpensively. Remember that information is not just for company employees, but the consumer who likes to make informed purchases. Enhancement of networks and systems allows your suppliers to solicit you to meet your need. This is different from the old style in which you contact the vendor with a need. With all the legwork being done to provide your company it†s supply†s you can concentrate on giving the customer what they want. All this is possible from properly managing your Supply Chain (Ross et al. , 1996). Current Supply Chain Applications Companies use Supply Chains in many different ways that suit their business needs. A company like Mrs. Fields cookies uses its Supply Chain resources to gain valuable information about each of its branch stores material needs. Along with this flow of information to central spot, the company provides direction and guidance back to the store managers from afar. By evaluating sales and inventory data district mangers make recommendations as to sales improvements and continued growth. Projections on material usage and personnel decisions and scheduling are handled from a central point. Companies like Microsoft use information technology to direct a global customer base and handle questions and concerns surrounding their product. Microsoft customer service representatives handle hundreds of electronic messages sent via the Internet about the customer†s latest purchase. Other uses include companies like Martian Marietta who use information gathering through the internet and suppliers to bid lower on contracts. The company does this by sending out specs of the project and letting teams of manufacturing employees† design to way to build the product. All the product requirements go to the suppliers for quotes and delivery schedules. From there the information goes back to the sales force who puts a dollar figure to the bid. This information exchange takes usually less than one week while leading competitors take over months. The reason other take so long is because of the face to face meetings and data organization time. Martin Marietta†s quick turn time does more than allow the sales force to bid on many contracts but allows for very accurate price quotes as well. Today many companies use the Supply Chain in different ways to suit their own needs. The basic principals are still the same, gain information and mold it while cutting down on the time it takes to get material and distribute the product to the customer. Gordon, 1996) One of the major tools used today is the Internet. Firms throughout the world use this global communication medium. The biggest importance to companies is keeping them in touch with the doings of other similar companies around the world. Uses of the Internet include soliciting potential customers as well as finding out what the competition is doing. This inexpensive form of advertising has become a favorite for marketing directors of all firms. This new medium allows for the connection to previously unreachable markets. Some companies like Amazon Books are a virtual company using the Internet as its headquarters. What Amazon does is sell books, but instead of being located in the local mall their location is Amazon. om on the Internet. This is an example of a true virtual Supply Chain, by reaching customers and suppliers alike with out actually being there. To place an order all that is requires is to gain access to the virtual store and then find what book you are looking for. The book arrives at your door by any number of package carriers, with a savings of 15 % or greater over a local bookstore. The reason prices are so cheap is there are no locations to lease and few employees run a store that services literally millions of customers from one location. Importance of Information In today†s global economy the transfer of a company's information is a daunting task. The role of a CIO in today†s large companies is more important than ever. Some companies have given the CIO equal ranking to that of the CEO. The current structure of the economy dictates that a company must be able to manage its information and Supply Chain assets. The most important part of any organization is the people. Tapping the information that is available is the task of the CIO. The job of knowledge management falls as the responsibility of all employees, though the majority of the burden lies on the CIO. Guiding and directing the Information assets of the company is also a task of the CIO. Falling behind competitors is a dangerous proposition, utilizing all of your employees and suppliers is the only way to gain new information and stay one step ahead of the competition. (Davenport, 1996) Other current IT considerations include the cutting down on time and space between customer needs and the companies answer to those needs. A prime example is the American auto industry. In the 1970†³s the turn time for a concept car to make the production line was any where between three and five years. Now though the use of the Supply Chain automakers converse with what the customer wants then relays the information to the design team then to purchasing then finally on to the production team to complete the build. The current turn time is around 18 months. This is a time reduction of over 50%; the cost savings are tremendous. The implementation process takes less time and the customer gets more input to the final product. These are the ideal benefits of Supply Chain Management at work for you. Some companies have even passed some of the money they are saving back to the customer. (Gerkits, 1997) Asian companies have a great idea that relates to information technology and the Supply Chain. This idea is that they share information between competitors not just with suppliers and customers. The reason that they do this is to cut down on research and development costs. The Information Technology has endless possibilities in this field, a general storage position that is accessible by all parties. The idea is that you dump information into the pool and you pull out information that is beneficial to your organization. As the information resides in a database, a person has the opportunity to mold that knowledge and redeposit the information in the knowledge warehouse thus, synergy results. This above process allows for two plus two too equal 5 or more. This information sharing is a fairly new concept to American companies and especially new in the world of Supply Chain Management. The possibilities are endless provided that you control the flow of information and every participant is an equal benefactor. Rasmus, 1996) This sharing of in formation leads to the major concern of Supply Chain Management as it progresses into the next century. That is the issue of security, and how to control that sensitive information does not fall in to the wrong hands. Conceivably your company's information assets, the people, could sell your in formation to others on the world market. The business espionage game has become big money; companies will pay any price to get an edge. This scenario looks less likely with increased sharing of information. Security remains a real concern with the internal access to information. The problem comes when your supplier has permissions to your database and uses this information to unfairly compete with your customers. With all employees having new information at their fingertips how do you prevent retrieval of personnel files and trade secrets to those who do not have the need to know? The answer is in many of today†s current software packages; the main stream idea is to limit access. What a company can do is install the information transfer programs but only allow certain sections to certain people. This variety of system is very popular with today†s companies because it solves the problem and is very inexpensive. Remember that anyone who wants to crack your security system can if they spend the right amount of money and time. (Gopal and Gagon, 1995) Current Company Values Due to recent large jumps in the value of the Stockmarket some analysts have thrown out the theory that companies are over valued. This statement may be true under the old accounting principles where a company's worth is the amount of liquid assets it holds. With the increased emphasis on information technology and Supply Chain Management companies are being looked at in a new light, this light is that people are information assets. This notion makes it rather difficult to put a price on a company. People are now assets on a balance sheet because they can transfer information and add to existing information. The best way to picture this is that every employee has a nugget of information to give to each company. Each employee drops their nugget in the database with the others, but instead of forgetting it they are able to extract back out information. They take a look at all of the nuggets and add to them pool creating a new nugget. From the new knowledge someone else gains a new insight and then adds this information to the pool. This type of relationship is what makes the employees so valuable to your company and to those companies of your suppliers and customers. This is the best reason why the Stockmarket has set record highs in recent years. Investors know there is an X dimension to a company that does not show up on a balance sheet (Drucker, 1995). Future Implications of Supply Chain Management One of the changes that may occur is that employees could work at more than one place imparting information that they gain from other experiences. This takes consulting one step farther and hires workers out to the highest bidder. Imagine sitting at home working for Pepsi and Coke at their same time developing new manufacturing techniques. The reason you could do this is because of telecommuting and one company does not necessarily know that you work for the other. There is nothing wrong with collecting two salaries for the same amount of knowledge. The value placed on the information that people gather and distribute will increase for the future. The most important business task done today is to collect and distribute information for your company that was gathered from your suppliers and customers. Some other new ideas are to follow in Amazon. com†s footsteps and become a virtual storefront on the Internet. Some companies now use the Internet to control the total logistics of their operation from ordering to customer distribution. With the increased processing of information the customer has the ease of staying at home to make purchases. The new technology of the future brings so much more information to the table than in the past, with this increased amount of information people can make more informed choices in both purchasing and delivery (Coull and Rothman, 1993). Drawbacks of Supply Chain Management With information technology providing today†s managers with literally thousands of pieces of information on one topic how do they still make the right choice? The final decision on a problem or project rests in the hands of the same person it did before all this information was so readily available. The problem is too much information. This problem leads to thinking too long about a project and the window of opportunity closes before your company has time to react. The decision-makers of the company have to sort vast amounts of information sifting through to find the pieces that are most useful to them. Information overload is a very real problem with larger supplier and customer databases. The manager still makes the call, right or wrong on a decision. Hopefully they possess more information than in the past. One of the other problems with the Supply Chain is that when first put on the market it promised to reduce the number of workers there by increasing productivity. The problem is that Supply Chain Management has only displaced jobs and no real productivity gains show up in most sectors of the economy (Attewell, 1996). Other hindrances to Supply Chain Management include less face to face interaction. This is a problem mostly on a sales side of the house. Companies are now on a Just In Time delivery system that brings their goods to the factories when they are ready to use them. The ordering process for this system uses Supply Chain values. What happens is that a buyer's inventory's records post on the supplier's system. They have a min. max. system in place telling the supplier when to ship the product. This definitely cuts down on the number of people in business who come by to check inventory levels and see if you are ready to place another order. With the new inter-plant communication people see less and less of their co–workers and supervisors. Telecommuting has also taken off for some companies. This method of work has very little face to face dialog. The customer may lose out as well; they do not receive the face to face support that they have know in the past with a particular product. Even know some companies do not answer your questions about a purchase with a real person a canned message is on a computer with options. This method of customer service is less expensive for companies so expect this trend to increase. This problem is more one for Social scientist than for smart business operations. (Davidow, 1995) The final drawback is the value of your company. This is not only a problem for investors, but also when you go to borrow money. How do you determine the exact worth of the corporation? Earlier we learned that company now has more value placed on them than just the liquid assets. How does a lending institution loan money, certainly not on the value of people? They need hard assets to back up a loan. What we have is two different values of the same firm. The problem comes when your market value far exceeds your lending value. The reason is that you may need a certain amount for a loan to stay competitive, yet because of hard asset value you can not afford it. The sale of more stock is an option, yet companies may not want to put themselves in a position to have a hostile take over (Rayport and Sviokla, 1995). Conclusion As the technology of gathering and distributing information and supplies increases our business world faces problems. The positive aspects far outweigh the changes that companies will make to accommodate new Supply Chain assets. Companies are currently getting on board the information technology train; this trend appears to continue in the future. Over the history of humanity there has never been a lack of need for information. The science of Supply Chain Management can either make or break business today based on utilization of the service. The company that remembers employees now play a major role in adding data to the information warehouse will reap large rewards. The personal uses of Supply Chains are still a bit behind the business world but still make home life a lot easier by paying the bills electronically. The value system has a way of righting itself, so company values on both the market and in lenders' eyes will equal in the end. The best proof positive example that the use of Supply Chain Management works is with the U. S. automakers and the recent increases in market share they have seen. The turnaround owes its success to the faster processing of information, especially the desires of the customer. Supply Chain Management is the most important set of skills and tasks that a company has today.

Learning Acitivity Essay

2.Identify and describe three leadership styles. Provide examples of these styles in society? Authoritarian Leadership is one that takes personal charge of decision-making, and demands that group members obey orders (Macionis, 2013. P110). Bill Gates is a great example of authoritarian leadership. Bill had a vision after he took lead of the company and he used all possible resources within his reach and made a dream reality. Bill Gates did not consult others on which way his company should take. Democratic Leadership is making a point and including everyone in the decision-making process (Macionis, 2013. P110). Dwight Eisenhower is one of the best people for this. While serving as a General in the Army he had a task to get the alliance all on the same page this he took great pride and hard work doing so. Laissez-faire Leadership allows group to function more or less on its own (laissez-faire in French means â€Å"leave it alone†). (Macionis, 2013. P110). The Danish government adopted this style of leadership and allowed cannabis to be smoked and allowed open prostitution. 3.What does the research by Solomon Asch and Stanley Milgram show us about the ability of social groups to affect the opinions and behavior of group members? The research showed that people when under pressure by peers or an authoritative figure conform. Solomon Asch (1952) recruited students for what he told them was a study of visual perception (Macionis, 2013, p. 110). But what he did was make the students form a small group and put pressure on one of the students. Asch showed them card 1 with a normal line then asked them to match it to card 2 that had three lines on the card. One third of the students chose to answer the question incorrect just like the other students. Stanley Milgram, a former student of Solomon Asch’s conducted conformity experiments study of his own (Macionis, 2013, pg.111). Milgram had a more controversial experiment he took male subjects and put them in electric type of chair to show how punishment affects learning. The teacher to start with 15v and each time that one of the subjects got it wrong the voltage would increase and even though the levels of voltage reached 450 volts Milgram was astonished how eagerly people obeyed authority. .